What gas does caramel form when you burn it?

When you burn caramel, it primarily produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) as byproducts of combustion. Additionally, depending on the degree of burning, it may release volatile compounds and smoke that contain various carbon-based substances, including carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter. The process also generates a range of aromatic compounds that contribute to the distinctive burnt smell.