Who inroduced the first insurance policy?

Securing against a potential financial loss is actually something that people have been doing for a very long time. It goes back many thousands of years. Insuring instruments of the past would likely take a very different form than we recognize today.

Some early forms of a written guarantees of delivery were likely the first candidates, these would be considered cargo insurance today, and may have been underwritten by everyone from the ancient Pharaohs to the nights Templar, monarchs and aristocrats, even the Vatican. Who might have done it first can probably never be known. It's quite possible that the Egyptians adopted the practice from the Sumerian culture.

The organized insuring capital that has evolved into the modern insurance industry we find familiar today, is most often attributed to Lloyd's of London. These Lloyd's groups first ventures as well took the form of Cargo delivery guarantee's. After gathering some profit and loss experience, the groups began extending coverage offerings to also include the value of the vessels that carried the cargo.