How do cones produce color vision?

Cones are photoreceptor cells in the retina that enable color vision by responding to different wavelengths of light. There are three types of cones, each sensitive to specific ranges of wavelengths corresponding to blue, green, and red light. When light hits these cones, they generate electrical signals that are processed by the brain, allowing us to perceive a wide spectrum of colors through the combination of signals from the different cone types. This trichromatic theory of color vision explains how our brain interprets various light combinations to create the colors we see.