What slowed the growth of the African population by around 1850?

By around 1850, the growth of the African population was slowed due to several factors, including the transatlantic slave trade, which forcibly removed millions of people from their communities, disrupting social structures and reducing birth rates. Additionally, European colonization brought about economic exploitation, conflict, and the introduction of new diseases, further impacting population growth. Environmental factors such as droughts and famines also contributed to the decline in population during this period.