In most cases, there is no minimum age for payroll tax withholding. Parents do not have to withhold payroll taxes on payments for services of a child under the age of 18 who works in a trade or business if the trade or business is a sole proprietorship or a partnership in which each partner is a parent of a child. Parents do not have to withhold payroll taxes for a child under the age of 21 for work other than a trade or business (such as work in the home).
There is a wage test for domestic household workers of $1,700/year (2011); individuals who pay someone less than that (including parents who employ their children) do not have to withhold taxes.
I don't find any minimum age or minimum wage test for other employers withholding payroll taxes.
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