During menstruation, the levels of estrogen and progesterone are low because the hormonal support for the uterine lining has diminished. After ovulation, if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degrades, leading to a decrease in these hormones. This drop triggers the shedding of the uterine lining, resulting in menstruation. Essentially, low levels of these hormones signal the body to reset the menstrual cycle.
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