If a French perfume is called an extrait or extract on the label what is the equivalent term for the American perfume market?

Extrait de parfum, or extract, is often referred to in English as parfum or pure perfume. This is the highest concentration of perfume that is available for commercial sale in Europe/North America. For example, Chanel seems to label its extrait bottles in English as "perfume," and the lesser concentrations as eau de parfum, eau de toilette, and eau de cologne (in decreasing order of concentration).

"Pure perfume" doesn't actually mean that the liquid is 100% perfume oil; it's probably about 25-30% perfume oil in a solution of denatured alcohol, water, or a combination of the two. 100% perfume oil is generally not available for sale in Europe and North America.

Check out "Perfumes: The Guide" by Luca Turin and Tania Sanchez for more information.