What caused Athens to surrender in the pelopponesian war?

Athens surrendered in the Peloponnesian War primarily due to a combination of military defeats, resource depletion, and the devastating effects of the plague that struck the city. The loss at the Sicilian Expedition in 413 BCE severely weakened Athenian naval power and morale. Additionally, the growing strength of Sparta, bolstered by Persian support, further eroded Athenian dominance. By 404 BCE, facing starvation and internal strife, Athens ultimately capitulated, marking the end of the war.