"mange tout" means "eat all" in French.
It refers to beans or peas that have a tender pod even after the beans and peas have started forming, so you can eat them whole, without the need of shelling them.
Snap peas and snow peas are examples of mange-tout beans.
The mange-tout pea was first created in France by C. Denaiffe in 1897, from a cross between the "Sans-parchemin (without inner skin) géant à très large cosse" and "Sans-parchemin beurre" varieties.
It stopped being cultivated or developed in France soon after, which is why it is now known to us as an American pea, as selection continued over there with varieties such as the sugar-snap pea.
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