What is the energy source for apicomplexans?

Apicomplexans primarily obtain energy through the process of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. They rely on glucose and other carbohydrates as their main energy sources. Additionally, some apicomplexans can utilize fatty acids and amino acids for energy, particularly during specific life cycle stages. Unlike many other eukaryotes, they have reduced or absent mitochondria, which limits their reliance on oxidative phosphorylation.