Can you provide an example of a Mealy machine and explain how it functions?

A Mealy machine is a type of finite state machine that outputs a value based on its current state and input. An example of a Mealy machine is a simple traffic light controller.

In this example, the Mealy machine has two states: red and green. When the input is a signal to change the light, the machine transitions to the next state and outputs a corresponding action. For instance, if the current state is red and the input signal is to change the light, the machine transitions to the green state and outputs a signal to turn the light green.

Overall, a Mealy machine functions by transitioning between states based on input signals and producing outputs that depend on both the current state and input.