What is the LD50 for nicotine?

The LD50 (lethal dose for 50% of the population) for nicotine is estimated to be around 30 to 60 milligrams for humans, though this can vary based on individual sensitivity and other factors. In animals, the LD50 varies widely; for instance, in rats, it is about 3 to 4 mg per kilogram of body weight. Due to its high toxicity, even small amounts of nicotine can be dangerous, particularly in concentrated forms such as e-liquids or tobacco products.