What is the harmful effects of sponge?

Sponges can have harmful effects on aquatic ecosystems when they become invasive species, outcompeting native organisms for resources and disrupting local food webs. Additionally, some species of sponges can produce toxins that may harm fish and other marine life, leading to decreased biodiversity. In human contexts, contaminated sponges used for cleaning can harbor bacteria and pathogens, posing health risks. Lastly, excessive sponge harvesting can damage coral reefs and other habitats, further threatening marine biodiversity.