What is the theory of diode operation?

The theory of diode operation is based on the principles of semiconductor physics, particularly the p-n junction. A diode consists of p-type and n-type semiconductor materials joined together, creating a junction where electrons and holes recombine. When forward-biased, the diode allows current to flow easily as the applied voltage reduces the barrier potential, enabling charge carriers to move across the junction. Conversely, when reverse-biased, the diode blocks current flow, as the barrier potential increases, preventing charge carriers from crossing the junction.