if your definition of escaping earth's gravity mean that the earth is no lnger the single most influencial source of gravity than the answer is:
a three way tie between James (Jim) lovell, Frank Borman and Willian (Bill) Anders on the Apollo 8 mission.
If you mean the first persons to escape the earth-moon system than the answer is:
No one, no human has left the earth-moon systems' gravitational influence
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