What methods did Bismarck use for achieving unification in Germany and Italy?

Bismarck employed a combination of diplomatic maneuvering and military strategy to achieve German unification. He orchestrated key wars, such as the Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-Prussian War, to isolate Austria and France, respectively, while rallying the German states around Prussia. His clever use of nationalism and manipulation of political alliances also played a crucial role in consolidating power and unifying the German states under Prussian leadership. In Italy, similar tactics were used by figures like Cavour, who leveraged diplomatic alliances and military action to consolidate Italian territories under the Kingdom of Sardinia, eventually leading to unification.