Prime factorization is breaking down a number into all of the prime numbers that make it up.
For example, in 128, since it is even, the easiest first step would be diving by two, a Prime number.
64 * 2 = 128. Now divide 64, another even number, by two.
32 * 2 * 2 = 128. Divide 32 by two.
16 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 128. Divide by two again.
8 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 128. Divide by two again.
4 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 128. Divide by two a final time.
2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 128. This is your prime factorization.
But you write it condensed, so 27 would be the prime factorization for 128.
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