How did England defend the land in Newfoundland?

England defended its territory in Newfoundland through a combination of military presence and alliances with local Indigenous groups. The establishment of forts and garrisons, such as those in St. John's, served to protect against both French incursions and other colonial powers. Additionally, the enforcement of fishing rights and regulations helped to assert English claims over the rich fishing grounds, further solidifying their control in the region. These measures collectively aimed to secure England's interests and maintain dominance in Newfoundland during the colonial era.