What countries ruled Libya?

Libya has been ruled by various countries and empires throughout its history. The most notable include the Ottoman Empire, which controlled Libya from the 16th century until the Italian invasion in 1911. Italy then ruled Libya until World War II, after which it became a British and French mandate. Libya gained independence in 1951, eventually becoming a republic under Muammar Gaddafi, who ruled from 1969 until his overthrow in 2011.