What are the forces that act on the skeletal system?

The skeletal system is influenced by several forces, primarily mechanical loads from gravity and muscle contractions during movement. These forces create tension and compression on bones, which can stimulate bone remodeling through a process called mechanotransduction, where cells respond to mechanical stress. Additionally, forces such as weight-bearing activities enhance bone density, while a lack of activity can lead to bone loss. Other factors, including hormonal influences and nutritional status, also play a critical role in maintaining skeletal health.