How does rainfall relate to population patterns in South Asia?

Rainfall significantly influences population patterns in South Asia by affecting agriculture, water availability, and overall living conditions. Areas with consistent and adequate rainfall, such as the Indo-Gangetic Plain, tend to support higher population densities due to fertile land and agricultural productivity. Conversely, regions with low or erratic rainfall, like parts of Western India and Pakistan, often experience lower population densities and higher rates of migration towards more hospitable areas. Additionally, seasonal monsoons play a critical role in shaping settlement patterns and economic activities across the region.