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"margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:normal;">With the Marian reforms
of the army of 107 BC, the Roman army was changed from being a
citizen militia whose levy was restricted to propertied peasants to
a volunteer army open to everyone. Previously there was a property
qualification because soldiers had to pay for their sWord or
javelin, armour and shield. The reforms provided that the state pay
for the military equipment and removed the property qualification
so that anyone could join. It also established a career of 16 years
(later it was increased to 20 and then 25 years). Soldiers received
a grant of either a sizable lump sum of money (numnaria missio) or
a plot of land to farm (agraria missio) on discharge. The landless
poor flocked to the army because they would get a career, a pay and
a pension.
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