What causes land pollution in the Appalachian region?

Land pollution in the Appalachian region is primarily caused by coal mining activities, including mountaintop removal and strip mining, which disrupt the landscape and contaminate soil with heavy metals and toxins. Additionally, agricultural runoff, improper waste disposal, and industrial activities contribute to soil degradation and pollution. The accumulation of plastic waste and other litter further exacerbates the problem, threatening local ecosystems and public health. Efforts to mitigate these issues include promoting sustainable practices and stricter regulations on waste management.