What causes fertility rates to change?

Fertility rates change due to a variety of factors, including economic conditions, access to education and healthcare, cultural norms, and government policies. Improved access to contraception and family planning services often leads to lower fertility rates, while higher levels of education, especially among women, typically correlate with delayed childbearing. Additionally, societal shifts towards urbanization and changes in employment patterns can influence family size preferences and child-rearing practices. Economic stability or insecurity also plays a significant role, as families may choose to have fewer children during uncertain times.