What were the main transportation hubs of African civilizations?

The main transportation hubs of African civilizations included key cities such as Timbuktu, Cairo, and Zanzibar. Timbuktu served as a crucial center for trade across the Sahara, connecting North Africa with Sub-Saharan regions. Cairo was vital for trade and cultural exchanges between Africa, Europe, and the Middle East, while Zanzibar emerged as a central hub for the spice trade and maritime routes in the Indian ocean. These cities facilitated the movement of goods, ideas, and cultures across the continent.