What gave people the right to join unions and the right to engage in collective bargaining?

The right to join unions and engage in collective bargaining is primarily derived from labor laws and regulations that have been established to protect workers' rights. In many countries, these rights are enshrined in legislation, such as the National Labor Relations Act in the United States, which recognizes the importance of collective action for improving working conditions and wages. Additionally, international conventions, like those from the International Labour Organization (ILO), advocate for the freedom of association and the right to organize. These frameworks emphasize that collective bargaining is essential for balancing power between employers and employees in the workplace.