Was Malcolm X a rejected integration?

Malcolm X was not a rejected integrationist; rather, he initially advocated for a separatist approach for African Americans, believing that true equality could not be achieved within a racially discriminatory system. He critiqued the mainstream Civil Rights Movement's focus on integration as insufficient for addressing systemic racism and injustice. Over time, however, his views evolved, particularly after his pilgrimage to Mecca, where he began to embrace a more inclusive vision of solidarity across racial lines. Thus, while he was critical of integration in his earlier years, his later perspective suggested a more nuanced understanding of racial unity.