The three documents that proposed a two-house legislature with the lower house based on population are the Virginia Plan, the New Jersey Plan, and the Connecticut Compromise (also known as the Great Compromise). The Virginia Plan, presented by James Madison, advocated for representation in the lower house to be based on state population. The New Jersey Plan countered with equal representation for states but ultimately, the Connecticut Compromise combined elements of both plans, establishing a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate.
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