What area did Charlemagne unite?

Charlemagne united much of Western Europe during his reign from 768 to 814. His empire encompassed modern-day France, Germany, the Low Countries, Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and Spain. Through military conquests and alliances, he consolidated these territories into the Carolingian Empire, significantly influencing the cultural and political landscape of medieval Europe. His reign is often seen as a pivotal moment in the formation of European identity.