How were the new immigrants of the late 1800s different from the old immigrants of 1800s?

The new immigrants of the late 1800s primarily came from Southern and Eastern Europe, including countries like Italy, Poland, and Russia, whereas the old immigrants of the early 1800s mostly hailed from Northern and Western Europe, such as England, Ireland, and Germany. New immigrants often had different cultural backgrounds, languages, and religions, leading to greater diversity and sometimes tension within American society. Additionally, many new immigrants arrived in larger numbers and faced harsher discrimination and nativism compared to their predecessors.