The principal influences on Greek culture were: Art and architecture: Egypt. Literature: The Phoenician alphabet which was adapted to Greek speech in the 8th Century BCE, enabling the recording of the epics - Iliad, odyssey etc. Poetry: The Mycenaean bardic tradition. Religion: The nomadic Ionian, Doric and Aetolian tribes which settled in Greece brought their sky gods, who were amalgamated with the earth deities of the indigenous people. Language: A common language was brought by the nomadic tribes. From the 6th and 5th Centuries BCE the eastern Greeks (Asia Minor and the Aegean islands) tended to lead in art forms, science and philosophy, with the west following.
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