Why are the colors of the canyon wall so vivid in the grand canyon?

The different colors of the Grand Canyon indicate where the water levels have recently been. The lighter the color, the more recent water levels have been.

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The Different colors of the Grand canyon are due to the different Strata of rocks that been exposed during the 5 to 6 million year history of the Grand Canyon. Some Layers are Granite, some are schist, Some are Limestone.