Auschwitz was a network of concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany during World War II. Key figures involved included Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS, and Rudolf Höss, the camp's first commandant. Many SS officers and guards were also complicit in the atrocities committed there, which primarily targeted Jews, Roma, Polish political prisoners, and other groups deemed undesirable by the Nazi regime. The camp became a symbol of the Holocaust, where over a million people were murdered.
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