The capital of the Chaldean Empire, also known as the Neo-Babylonian Empire, was Babylon. Under King Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled from 605 to 562 BCE, Babylon became a prominent center of culture, trade, and architecture, famous for its Hanging Gardens and the Ishtar Gate. The city played a crucial role in the history of Mesopotamia and was known for its advancements in science, mathematics, and literature.
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