What is cardiac input?

Cardiac input, often referred to as cardiac output, is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute. It is a critical measure of heart efficiency and overall cardiovascular health, calculated as the product of heart rate (the number of heartbeats per minute) and stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat). Normal cardiac output ranges from about 4 to 8 liters per minute in a healthy adult at rest. Factors such as exercise, body position, and overall health can influence cardiac output.