Why hollow shaft has greater strength and stiffness than solid shaft of the same weight?

A hollow shaft has greater strength and stiffness compared to a solid shaft of the same weight because it effectively utilizes material distribution. The material's distance from the neutral axis is greater in a hollow shaft, which enhances its moment of inertia, leading to improved resistance to bending and torsion. Additionally, the hollow structure reduces the overall weight while maintaining structural integrity, allowing for a more efficient use of material. This design maximizes performance under load while minimizing weight.