What type of reasoning draws conclusions based on your beliefs rather than facts?

All reasoning depends at least in part on beliefs. What we accept as a "fact" is a matter of belief. Most people accept things as facts because the people around them believe the same things. Many of these "facts" can be readily disproved scientifically, but are still accepted as fact because there is a social, political or economic pressure to do so.The science of logic accepts this and thus examines not the factual nature of the basis of the reasoning but the coherence of the thought process which leads from the alleged facts to the conclusion.