What are causes of groundwater pollution in Iraq?

Groundwater pollution in Iraq is primarily caused by several factors, including the contamination from agricultural runoff containing pesticides and fertilizers, inadequate sewage disposal systems, and industrial discharges. Additionally, the damage to infrastructure from decades of conflict has led to the leaching of pollutants into aquifers. Oil spills and leaks from aging pipelines further exacerbate the contamination of water resources. Climate change and over-extraction of water also contribute to the degradation of groundwater quality.