What are the disadvantages of swapping in os?

Swapping in operating systems can lead to several disadvantages, including increased latency due to the time required to move data between RAM and disk storage, which can slow down application performance. It can also lead to fragmentation of memory, making it harder for the system to allocate contiguous blocks of memory efficiently. Additionally, excessive swapping, often referred to as thrashing, can occur when the system spends more time swapping data than executing processes, significantly degrading overall system performance.