How does a monopoly transfer consumer surplus to itself?

A monopoly transfers consumer surplus to itself by setting prices above the competitive equilibrium level, where supply equals demand. By restricting output and raising prices, the monopolist captures the difference between what consumers are willing to pay and the market price, converting consumer surplus into producer surplus. This leads to a reduction in total welfare, as consumers pay more for fewer goods than they would in a competitive market. Thus, the monopoly benefits at the expense of consumers' surplus.