Graded beds are sedimentary layers characterized by a gradual change in grain size, typically from coarser particles at the bottom to finer particles at the top, indicating a decrease in energy during deposition. In contrast, cross beds are formed by the deposition of sediment at an angle to the main bedding plane, often resulting from processes like wind or water flow that create inclined layers within the overall sedimentary structure. While graded beds signify a single depositional event with varying energy levels, cross beds illustrate the dynamic conditions of sediment transport and deposition.
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