What ships cannot go through the panama canal?

Certain ships, such as those that exceed the Panama Canal's size limitations, known as "Panamax" dimensions, cannot transit the canal. Specifically, vessels longer than 1,200 feet, wider than 106 feet, or with a draft greater than 50 feet are restricted. Additionally, some types of ships, like very large crude carriers (VLCCs) and ultra-large container vessels (ULCVs), typically cannot pass through due to their massive size. Lastly, ships carrying hazardous cargo may face restrictions based on safety regulations.