The three braches of government and their powers?

The simple version:

The three branches of the U.S. government are the Legislative branch, the Executive branch, and the Judicial branch.

The Legislative branch is described in Article I of the Constitution; it is comprised of the Senate and the House of Representatives; it makes and passes laws and the national budget; it votes on bills; approves the appointed federal judges and can declare war.

The Executive branch is described in Article II of the Constitution; it is comprised of the President of the United States and his Cabinet; it enforces laws; makes treaties; and the President signs or vetoes bills.

The Judicial branch is described in Article III of the Constitution; it is comprised of all the courts in the land; it interprets laws and punishes lawbreakers; it decides whether laws are constitutional or not.