What is the tort liability for spam?

Tort liability for spam primarily arises from claims of invasion of privacy, fraud, or intentional infliction of emotional distress. Individuals or businesses affected by spam may seek legal recourse under laws like the CAN-SPAM Act, which sets regulations for commercial emails. If spam emails mislead recipients or cause harm, the sender may face civil penalties and be liable for damages. However, enforcement can be challenging, and outcomes vary based on jurisdiction and specific circumstances.