What is the relationship between the modern era modernism and postmodernism.?

Modernism and postmodernism are two distinct cultural movements that reflect differing attitudes towards art, literature, and society. Modernism, emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizes innovation, abstraction, and a break from tradition, often expressing a belief in progress and the power of human reason. In contrast, postmodernism, which gained prominence in the mid-to-late 20th century, critiques the ideas of universal truths and grand narratives, embracing fragmentation, irony, and a more skeptical stance towards authority and meaning. The relationship between the two can be seen as one of reaction; postmodernism arose as a response to the limitations and certainties of modernism, challenging its ideals and exploring the complexities of contemporary existence.