What long term effect did the Persian war have on ancient Greece?

It established Peraia as a bogeyman, and eventually when the Persian Empire was conquered by Macedonia, Alexander the great incorporated a veneer of Greek culture into them. Much of the Greek population entered into the service of Alexander's successors in the Greek kingdoms they established in Asia and Egypt, leaving mainland Greece underpopulated and a target in the rise of Roman Empire.
Persia agreed not to further interfere in the Greek cities in Asia Minor and the Islands.

Athens turned the Delian League which had opposed the Persian Empire into an empire of it own.

When Athens became embroiled in the Peloponnesian War against the Peloponnesian League, Persia had its revenge by helping the Peloponnesians led by Sparta to defeat Athens and strip it of its empire.