What is the meaning of patent neural formina thecal sac?

The term "patent neural foramina thecal sac" refers to the openings (neural foramina) in the spine that allow spinal nerves to exit from the spinal canal and the surrounding protective sac (thecal sac) that encases the spinal cord and nerve roots. "Patent" indicates that these openings are unobstructed and open, allowing for normal nerve function. In a clinical context, this phrase is often used in imaging reports to indicate that there are no blockages or abnormalities affecting the passage of nerves in that area.