How do you replace a resistor or capacitor?

To replace a resistor or capacitor, first ensure the power is turned off and the circuit is de-energized. Use a soldering iron to carefully desolder the old component from the circuit board, taking note of its orientation if it's a polarized capacitor. Insert the new component, ensuring it matches the specifications (value and type) of the old one, then solder it in place. Finally, trim any excess leads and double-check connections before powering the circuit back on.