How long can you go without oxygen before your muscles start breaking down?

The human body can typically survive without oxygen for about 3 to 5 minutes before significant damage occurs, particularly to the brain and muscles. After this time frame, anaerobic metabolism begins to take over, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid and muscle breakdown. Prolonged oxygen deprivation can result in irreversible damage, especially in vital organs. However, individual tolerance can vary based on factors like physical fitness and the specific circumstances of oxygen deprivation.