What is This characteristic is created by repeating positive shapes in space surrounded by negative areas of space?

This characteristic is known as "figure-ground relationship." It refers to the way positive shapes (the figures) are perceived against the surrounding negative spaces (the ground). By repeating positive shapes, designers can create a dynamic interplay between figure and ground, enhancing visual interest and clarity in a composition. This technique is often used in art, design, and architecture to guide viewer perception and emphasize certain elements.